What an .md file is
An .md file is a Markdown document: plain text in which a few symbols stand for formatting. A line starting with # is a heading, words between ** are bold, a line starting with - is a list item, text between backticks is code, and rows separated by | are a table. Programs that understand Markdown show the formatting; everything else shows the symbols.
Markdown is the format of README files on GitHub, of notes in apps such as Obsidian, of documentation, and increasingly of text written by AI assistants: ChatGPT, Claude and coding tools such as Cursor hand out answers, reports and plans as .md files. The extension may also be .markdown, and Mermaid diagrams are often saved as .mmd. A whole ChatGPT or Claude chat history comes as a data export instead: open it with the chat export viewer.